The Effects of Rainfall on Over-the-Horizon Propagation in the Evaporation Duct over the South China Sea

The evaporation duct (ED) is generated by the of seawater and can be an influential factor electromagnetic (EM)-wave propagation. Rainfall also affects atmospheric factors EM-wave However, distribution ED path loss (PL) during rainfall has rarely been reported. This paper analyzes in South China Sea (SCS). results show that height (EDH) area generally lower. effect on over-the-horizon (OTH) propagation reaches 0.69 dB km?1 average, which 4.3 times stronger than maximum rain attenuation (0.16 km?1) when less 5 mm h?1. In SCS, a 53 km long OTH link was established between Donghai Island Jizhao Bay to observe PL. measurement nearly saturated relative humidity (RH) leads high change direction sea–land breeze causes 42.4 decrease PL transferring moist patches. ED, mainly owing RH.